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Survey marker
Survey markers, also called survey marks, and sometimes geodetic marks, are objects placed to mark key survey points on the Earth's surface. They are used in geodetic and land surveying. Informally, such marks are referred to as benchmarks,〔A popular hobby, known as "benchmarking hunting", has grown up around the pastime of recovering (or "re-finding") these marks. In the U.S., the hobby has (a website ) that enables hobbyists to plan and report on their efforts.〕 although strictly speaking the term "benchmark" is reserved for marks that indicate elevation. Horizontal position markers used for triangulation are also known as triangulation stations.
==Types==
All sorts of different objects, ranging from the familiar brass disks to liquor bottles, clay pots, and rock cairns, have been used over the years as survey markers.〔For a comprehensive history of these marks in the United States, together with photos of all of the key variations, see (the PDF ) of the article by CDR George E. Leigh, NOAA Corps (Ret’d.).〕 Some truly monumental markers have been used to designate tripoints, or the meeting points of three or more countries. In the 19th century, these marks were often drill holes in rock ledges, crosses or triangles chiselled in rock, or copper or brass bolts sunk into bedrock.
Today in the United States, the most common geodetic survey marks are cast metal disks with stamped legends on their face set in rock ledges, embedded in the tops of concrete pillars, or affixed to the tops of pipes that have been sunk into the ground. These marks are intended to be permanent, and disturbing them is generally prohibited by federal and state law.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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